Clinical Sign : Cullen's Sign

Describe what you see ?

discoloration around umbilicus

What is the name of this sign ?

Cullen's Sign 

What are the causes ?

1- Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis

2- Rupture AAA

3- Rupture ectopic pregnancy

4- Bleeding fron blunt abdominal trauma 

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Clinical Sign : Grey Turner's Sign

Describe what you see ?

bruising or discoloration of the left flank

What is this sign ?

Grey Turner's Sign 

What are the causes ?

1. Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis .
2. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage .
3. Blunt abdominal trauma .
4. Ruptured AAA
5. Ruptured / hemorrhagic ectopic pregnancy .
6. Spontaneous bleeding secondary to coagulopathy (congenital or acquired)

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Clinical Sign : Erythema Nodosum

1- What is the name of ths sign ?

Erythema nodosum

2- What are the causes ?

- In about 30-50% of cases, the cause of EN is unknown
- infectious : Hep C , TB , Leprosy , Strepto , M.pneumonia , EPV , Yersinia , coccidiodis immitis

- autoimmune : IBD , Bachet
- sacroidosis , pregnancy , cancer
- medication ( sulfonamides , oral contraceptives, bromides ) & vaccination .

Mnemonics :  SORE SHINS
(Streptococci, OCP , Rickettsia , Eponymous (Bechet) , Sulfonamides , Hansen's Disease (Leprosy), IBD , NHL , Sarcoidosis.

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Clinical Sign : Erythema Multifrom

1- What is the name of this sign ?

Erythema multifrom

2- What are the causes ?

HSV present in almost all cases 

50% of cases are idiopathic

others :

- Bacterial (including BCG vaccination, haemolytic Streptococci, legionellosis, leprosy, Neisseria meningitidis, Mycobacterium, Pneumococcus, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus species, Mycoplasma pneumoniae), Chlamydial 

- Fungal

- Parasitic (Trichomonas species, Toxoplasma gondii)

- Viral (especially Herpes simplex). 

- Drug reactions, most commonly to: Antibiotics (including, sulphonamides, penicillin), anticonvulsants (phenytoin, barbiturates), aspirin, antituberculoids, and allopurinol and many others. 

- Physical factors - Radiotherapy, cold, sunlight 

- Others - Collagen diseases, vasculitides, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, myeloid metaplasia, polycythemia

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Blueprint Notes & Cases Pharmacology

http://www.embedupload.com/?d=5ENRVGAVLP

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